To gain a better understanding of the day-night variation characteristics of water-soluble ions, PM samples were continuously collected for two months in the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area during winter. The diurnal variation and sources of water-soluble ions were studied. Results showed that the mass concentration of water-soluble ions ranged from 17.07 μg·m to 168.43 μg·m with a mean value of (59.01±30.75) μg·m. The average mass concentration of water-soluble ions in daytime was higher than that in the nighttime. The concentration ratio of NO and NH to total ion concentrations was higher at night, while SO and Cl were higher during daytime. SO, NO, and NH (SNA) were the dominant species of water-soluble ions in PM in Nanjing. The mass concentration of SNA on polluted days was higher than that on clean days. The ratio of the anion-cation balance (AE/CE) was larger than 1, indicating that the PM was acidic. There was a significant linear correlation between NH with NO and SO, indicating that it occurred mainly in the form of NHNO and (NH)SO in PM. The PMF source apportionment indicated that water-soluble ions of PM were mainly derived from motor vehicle emissions, fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and dust in the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area.
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