The potential therapeutic effects of and inulin on serum and testicular reproductive markers in diabetic male rats.

Background: It is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males. Due to the global increasing rate of T2DM and infertility, we aimed to investigate the impact of , inulin, and their combinatory supplementation on fertility markers as well as testicular kisspeptin and androgen receptor (AR)'s expression in diabetic male rats.

Methods: Thirty-five Male Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced T2DM were supplemented with , inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks. At the end-point, the animals were sacrificed and serum, testicular, and seminal parameters were studied.

Results: Administration of and inulin in diabetic male rats improved sperm motility and viability (P < 0.001, both) as well as testicular tissue development via increasing leydig cell number, testicular spermatid count, and diameter of seminiferous tubules (P < 0.001, all). Testicular expression of Kisspeptin was elevated by inulin supplementation (P = 0.01). administration increased testicular AR expression (P = 0.01). The expression of Kisspeptin showed a remarkable correlation with fertility markers (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Supplementation with either , inulin, or their combination can prevent infertility caused by T2DM in male rats via improving testicular kisspeptin and AR expression, leydig cell count, and effectively increasing epididymal sperm motility and viability.