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HA stabilization promotes replication and transmission of swine H1N1 gamma influenza viruses in ferrets. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Pandemic influenza A viruses can originate from swine, which helps them adapt to human-receptor preferences through changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigen.
  • Research showed that gamma-clade swine influenza viruses had less stable HA proteins compared to pandemic clade viruses, impacting their ability to spread.
  • Studies in ferret models indicated that a stable HA protein is crucial for efficient replication and airborne transmission, highlighting the potential pandemic risk from swine viruses with both stable HA and human receptor binding characteristics.

Article Abstract

Pandemic influenza A viruses can emerge from swine, an intermediate host that supports adaptation of human-preferred receptor-binding specificity by the hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigen. Other HA traits necessary for pandemic potential are poorly understood. For swine influenza viruses isolated in 2009-2016, gamma-clade viruses had less stable HA proteins (activation pH 5.5-5.9) than pandemic clade (pH 5.0-5.5). Gamma-clade viruses replicated to higher levels in mammalian cells than pandemic clade. In ferrets, a model for human adaptation, a relatively stable HA protein (pH 5.5-5.6) was necessary for efficient replication and airborne transmission. The overall airborne transmission frequency in ferrets for four isolates tested was 42%, and isolate G15 airborne transmitted 100% after selection of a variant with a stabilized HA. The results suggest swine influenza viruses containing both a stabilized HA and alpha-2,6 receptor binding in tandem pose greater pandemic risk. Increasing evidence supports adding HA stability to pre-pandemic risk assessment algorithms.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326494PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56236DOI Listing

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