Perhaps best known for his discovery of the eponymous syndrome 'Bell's Palsy', Charles Bell (1774-1842) made significant contributions to neuroscience, medical education and philosophy. Our aim was to examine his neuroanatomical drawings in the context of the era in which they were produced and their influence on future scholars. Emphasis is placed on analysing the artistic techniques employed and Bell's unique manner of conveying both structure and function. The images discussed include those featured in his book entitled . These images can be viewed in parallel with his writing on the anatomy of the brain, in which he describes the usual manner of demonstrating neuroanatomy as 'dull' and 'unmeaning'. His mastery of artistic technique complements his insightful descriptions of this prodigiously complex organ. The result is a more engaging account of neuroanatomy and an impressive display of his skill as an artist, anatomist and physician. Examining these expressive portrait-like diagrams provides greater insight into the mind of the pioneer of modern neuroscience.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.21 | DOI Listing |
Genome Biol
December 2024
Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Cell types are traditionally thought to be specified and stabilized by gene regulatory networks. Here, we explore how chromatin memory contributes to the specification and stabilization of cell states. Through pervasive, local, feedback loops, chromatin memory enables cell states that were initially unstable to become stable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychopharmacology (Berl)
December 2024
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and serious psychiatric disorder associated with significant morbidity. There is mounting evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of depression.
Objective: To investigate alterations in the brain antioxidant glutathione in depression by undertaking a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
J Med Chem
October 2024
Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland.
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of the endogenous signaling ligand 2-arachidonoylglycerol, a neuroprotective endocannabinoid intimately linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders associated with neuroinflammation. In the quest for novel MAGL inhibitors, a focused screening approach on a Roche library subset provided a reversible benzoxazinone hit exhibiting high ligand efficiency. The subsequent design of the three-dimensional -hexahydro-pyrido-oxazinone (-HHPO) moiety as benzoxazinone replacement enabled the combination of high MAGL potency with favorable ADME properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
October 2024
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Our understanding of heterochromatin nanostructure and its capacity to mediate gene silencing in a living cell has been prevented by the diffraction limit of optical microscopy. Thus, here to overcome this technical hurdle, and directly measure the nucleosome arrangement that underpins this dense chromatin state, we coupled fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between histones core to the nucleosome, with molecular editing of heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α). Intriguingly, this super-resolved readout of nanoscale chromatin structure, alongside fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) and FLIM-FRET analysis of HP1α protein-protein interaction, revealed nucleosome arrangement to be differentially regulated by HP1α oligomeric state.
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