Are β-lactam concentrations adequate in severe sepsis and septic shock in children?

Aim Of The Study: Early administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy with adequate concentration is the cornerstone of the severe sepsis and septic shock's treatment. We aim to describe the plasma concentration of the most used β-lactams in critically ill children, to describe the rate of patients with suboptimal exposure, and associated clinical and biological factors.

Methods: From January 2016 to May 2017, children less than 18 years old with severe sepsis or septic shock were included. Samples were collected in pediatric intensive care unit for children with severe sepsis or septic shock. β-lactam plasma concentrations were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography.

Results: Among the 37 enrolled patients, 24 (64.9%) had insufficient concentration [cefotaxime 7/14 (43%); piperacillin-tazobactam, 10/13 (77%); amoxicillin 6/7 (86%); meropenem 3/6 (50%), cefazolin 1/4 (25%), imipenem 0/2 (0%); ceftazidime 0/1 (0%)]. Insufficient concentrations were associated with early measurements [<72hours from the sepsis' onset (P=0.035) and an increased creatinine clearance (P=0.01)].

Conclusion: β-lactams current dosing in critically ill septic children could be suboptimal.