Vortioxetine improves rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: A case report.

Rationale: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a kind of sleep disturbance characterized by a loss of normal paralysis of REM sleep with dream enactment behavior during REM sleep. The pharmacotherapy options for treating RBD are limited and the use of antidepressants remains controversial. Further, the role of vortioxetine in RBD has not been evaluated so far.

Patient Concerns: A 72-year-old woman presented with recurrent peculiar behaviors such as shouting, punching, kicking or even walking around her bedroom during sleep for over 3 years.

Diagnosis: Clinical examinations and polysomnography indicated the diagnosis of RBD.

Interventions: The patient received treatment with paroxetine and melatonin for 1 year and then paroxetine was discontinued and vortioxetine was initiated in a daily dose of 10 mg.

Outcomes: Treatment with paroxetine and melatonin for one year was ineffective. A trial of vortioxetine 10 mg per day over 3 months resulted in significant clinical improvement.

Lessons: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of effective treatment of RBD with vortioxetine. Well-designed studies with large samples are needed to verify the clinical benefits.