AI Article Synopsis
- Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) is linked to invasive diseases with no available vaccine, showing an increasing trend in cases from 2008 to 2017 in the U.S., particularly affecting Alaska.
- On average, there were around 306 cases annually, with a notable rise of 11.1% per year; children under 5, especially Native American and Alaska Native (AI/AN) kids, were most affected.
- The overall case fatality rate was 7.8%, higher in older adults and significantly elevated among AI/AN children, highlighting a critical need for prevention efforts such as developing an Hia vaccine.
Article Abstract
Background: Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) can cause invasive disease similar to serotype b; no Hia vaccine is available. We describe the epidemiology of invasive Hia disease in the United States overall and specifically in Alaska during 2008-2017.
Methods: Active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive Hia disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites and from Alaska statewide invasive bacterial disease surveillance. Sterile-site isolates were serotyped via slide agglutination or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Incidences in cases per 100 000 were calculated.
Results: From 2008 to 2017, an estimated average of 306 invasive Hia disease cases occurred annually in the United States (estimated annual incidence: 0.10); incidence increased by an average of 11.1% annually. Overall, 42.7% of cases were in children aged <5 years (incidence: 0.64), with highest incidence among children aged <1 year (1.60). Case fatality was 7.8% overall and was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (15.1%). Among children aged <5 years, the incidence was 17 times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (8.29) than among children of all other races combined (0.49). In Alaska, incidences among all ages (0.68) and among children aged <1 year (24.73) were nearly 6 and 14 times higher, respectively, than corresponding US incidences. Case fatality in Alaska was 10.2%, and the vast majority (93.9%) of cases occurred among AI/AN.
Conclusions: Incidence of invasive Hia disease has increased since 2008, with the highest burden among AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including Hia vaccine development.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9628811 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa875 | DOI Listing |
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