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Background: The early detection of neurologic damage at the microscopic level when the disease is subclinical would facilitate intervention preventing progression or potentially reversing the condition. The early determination of drug efficacy could shorten the length of drug studies, thereby reducing research costs. The eye is the only place in the body where an artery, vein, and nerve can be directly visualized The nerve fiber layer of the retina is an outgrowth of the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrum of Imaging Characteristics of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a bilateral, chronic posterior uveitis with characteristic clinical and imaging findings. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography is useful in diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease activity. Cystoid macular edema, choroidal thickening and infiltration, ellipsoid loss, and vasculitis are important imaging markers for disease activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study characterizes a fluorescent -tdTomato neuronal reporter mouse line with strong labeling of axons throughout the optic nerve, of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) soma in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and of RGC dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The model facilitated assessment of RGC loss in models of degeneration and of RGC detection in mixed neural/glial cultures. The tdTomato signal showed strong overlap with >98% cells immunolabeled with RGC markers RBPMS or BRN3A, consistent with the ubiquitous presence of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGUT2, SLC17A6) in all RGC subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostic modalities in the mediastinum and the role of bronchoscopy in mediastinal assessment: a narrative review.
Mediastinum
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Background And Objective: Diagnosis of pathology in the mediastinum has proven quite challenging, given the wide variability of both benign and malignant diseases that affect a diverse array of structures. This complexity has led to the development of many different non-invasive and invasive diagnostic modalities. Historically, diagnosis of the mediastinum has relied on different imaging modalities such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission topography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreasing the Efficacy of Gold Nanorod Uptake in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Cells: Implications for Stem Cell Labeling and Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging.
ACS Appl Nano Mater
May 2022
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
The advancement of safe nanomaterials for use as optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and stem cell-labeling agents to longitudinally visually track therapeutic derived retinal stem cells to study their migration, survival rate, and efficacy is challenged by instability, intracellular aggregation, low uptake, and cytotoxicity. Here, we describe a series of hybrid lipid-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) that could solve these issues. These nanomaterials were made via a layer-by-layer assembly approach, and their stability in biological media, mechanism, efficiency of uptake, and toxicity were compared with a commercially available set of AuNRs with a 5 nm mesoporous silica (mSiO)-polymer coating.
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