Our focus is the evolution of business strategies and network structure decisions in the commercial passenger aviation industry. The paper reviews the growth of hub-and-spoke networks as the dominant business model following deregulation in the latter part of the 20th century, followed by the emergence of value-based airlines as a global phenomenon at the end of the century. The paper highlights the link between airline business strategies and network structures, and examines the resulting competition between divergent network structure business models. In this context we discuss issues of market structure stability and the role played by competition policy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.03.002 | DOI Listing |
Health Expect
February 2025
Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Background: Menopause, defined as the cessation of periods for over 12 months, can have a profound impact on women in numerous ways. Understanding women's experiences of menopause can lead to improved care and support during this transformative period.
Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to identify and summarise published qualitative studies that consider the lived experiences of women with menopause in the UK and to serve as a basis for future research in the field of menopause.
Emerg Med Australas
February 2025
Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Coaching as a discipline has seen significant growth in medicine over the last decade, especially in medical education, but is at the early stages of recognition in emergency medicine. The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the state of coaching practice and research in emergency medicine and outline a future research agenda. Based on PRISMA guidelines, a structured electronic literature search of Embase, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob J Epidemol Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Background: Climate change has raised significant concerns about its impact on health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents. While extensive research has examined physical health effects, limited attention has been given to the influence of extreme heat on developmental and behavioral outcomes.
Objectives: This study investigates the association between extreme heat exposure and early puberty initiation (ages 9-10), using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.
Water used in post-harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross-contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the frozen FVH sector is characterised by operational cycles between 8 and 120 h, variable product volumes and no control of the temperature of process water. Intervention strategies were limited to the use of water disinfection treatments such as peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA dynamic mass balance model was developed to simulate contamination dynamics in the process water of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH) during processing and handling operations. The mass balance relates to the flux of water and product in a wash tank and the number of microbial cells released in the water, inactivated by the water disinfectant or transferred from the water back to the product. Critical variables describing microbial dynamics in water are: (i) the chemical oxygen demand (COD), as an indicator of the concentration of organic matter; (ii) free chlorine (FC) and particularly its antimicrobial fraction, hypochlorous acid (HOCl); and (iii) the microbial population levels.
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