AI Article Synopsis
- Current in vitro models for studying human brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) lack realistic anatomical features, prompting the development of a new 3D model for testing embolic materials and analyzing blood flow.
- The new model is made by 3D printing based on patient data and has been shown to effectively simulate real-life treatment conditions for embolization and flow dynamics using advanced imaging techniques.
- This innovative AVM model provides a valuable resource for training in embolization techniques, studying fluid dynamics, and developing new medical devices and materials.
Article Abstract
Background: Current in vitro models for human brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) analyzing the efficacy of embolic materials or flow conditions are limited by a lack of realistic anatomic features of complex AVM nidus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a newly developed in vitro AVM model for embolic material testing, preclinical training, and flow analysis.
Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) images of the AVM nidus were extracted from 3D rotational angiography from a patient. Inner vascular mold was printed using a 3D printer, coated with polydimethylsiloxanes, and then was removed by acetone, leaving a hollow AVM model. Injections of liquid embolic material and 4-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed using the AVM models. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to examine the flow volume rate as compared with 4D flow MRI.
Results: The manufacture of 3D in vitro AVM models delivers a realistic representation of human nidus vasculature and complexity derived from patients. The injection of liquid embolic agents performed in the in vitro model successfully replicated real-life treatment conditions. The model simulated the plug and push technique before penetration of the liquid embolic material into the AVM nidus. The 4D flow MRI results were comparable to computational fluid dynamics analysis.
Conclusions: An in vitro human brain AVM model with realistic geometric complexities of nidus was successfully created using 3D printing technology. This AVM model offers a useful tool for training of embolization techniques and analysis of hemodynamics analysis, and development of new devices and materials.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.084 | DOI Listing |
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