Brain responses to change in phonological structures of varying complexity in children and adults.

Language-related change-detection processes are often investigated using syllables that are very simple in terms of phonological structure. However, phonological complexity is known to be challenging for young typically developing children and pathological populations. We investigated brain correlates of phonological processing and their age-related changes with a passive change-detection protocol including stimuli of varying phonological complexity, which allowed comparing responses to simple and complex phonological deviancies. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Late Discriminative Negativity (LDN) responses were recorded in both school-age children (n = 22) and adults (n = 24). MMN was similar for simple and complex phonological deviancy in both groups, whereas LDN appeared to be modulated by phonological complexity, albeit with different patterns according to age. In response to complex phonological change, children displayed a larger LDN response with a typical fronto-central scalp distribution, while adults showed an additional right-posterior activity but no larger amplitude than for simple change. Thus, LDN appears to be a good electrophysiological index of phonological complexity processing. This study validated the use of the LDN through this protocol for the investigation of phonological complexity processing throughout the development.