We report on the use of visible light to conduct carbene-transfer reactions of donor/acceptor diazoalkanes with cyclooctatetraene and polyunsaturated carbocycles to give the corresponding cyclopropanes in excellent yields with excellent stereoselectivities. This photochemical protocol proved to be superior to conventional metal-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions and now provides platform chemicals containing a cyclic conjugated all-cis triene. The cyclopropane is an important structural feature to prevent 6π electrocyclization. Instead, the triene moiety can now be selectively functionalized in cycloaddition reactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01734 | DOI Listing |
Chem Commun (Camb)
December 2024
Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Photochemically induced generation of aryl fluorocarbenes from aryl fluorodiazirines and their subsequent [2+1] cycloaddition with alkenes was developed in continuous flow. The generated electrophilic aryl fluorocarbene reacted with a range of alkenes enabling the synthesis of the corresponding 3-fluoro-3-aryl-cyclopropanes in a 5-minute residence time under 380-nm LED irradiation in continuous flow (20 examples). The scaled-up reaction of 3-fluoro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-diazirine with styrene under irradiation at 380 nm led to the fluorocyclopropane with a 77% yield, providing a throughput yield of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu J&K, 181221, India.
The development of Michael addition reactions to conjugated cyclopropenes is a challenge in organic synthesis due to the fleeting and reactive nature of such strained Michael acceptor systems. Herein, the development of a photochemical approach towards such conjugated cyclopropenes is reported that serves as a strategic entry point to densely functionalized cyclopropanes in a diastereoselective fashion. The process involves the light-mediated generation of transient cyclopropenyl α,β-unsaturated esters from vinyl diazo esters, followed by an organic base catalyzed nucleophilic addition of N-heterocycles to directly access β-N-heterocyclic cyclopropanoic esters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIodoform (CHI) has garnered significant attention for its unique ability to induce photo-cyclopropanation of olefins by releasing an iodine radical through C-I bond cleavage. However, the detailed mechanism underlying CHI photodissociation is still not fully understood. Here, we elucidate the ultrafast structural dynamics of CHI upon photoexcitation using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray liquidography (fs-TRXL) at an X-ray free-electron laser facility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
August 2024
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People's Republic of China.
A photocatalytic method for the ring-closing 1,7-enyne metathesis using the α-amino radical as an alkene deconstruction auxiliary is present. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer is the key to the generation and β-scission of the α-amino radical, while the dearomatization of arenes and ring opening of cyclopropanes are the key to construct spirocyclic quinolin-2-ones. This approach highlights the potential of ring-closing 1,7-enyne metathesis, providing a green, efficient, and step-economical way for the synthesis of spirocyclic quinolin-2-ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Chem Front
April 2024
INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France.
Cyclopropanes are recurrent structural motifs in natural products and bioactive molecules. Recently, biocatalytic cyclopropanations have emerged as a powerful approach to access enantioenriched cyclopropanes, complementing chemocatalytic approaches developed over the last several decades. Here, we report the development of a first biocatalytic strategy for cyclopropanation using ethyl α-diazopyruvate as a novel enzyme-compatible carbene precursor.
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