exerts hypoglycemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats modulating , , and gene expression.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is contributed to dual interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. This impressed a great need for novel treatment strategy. Nevertheless, ( as a terrestrial herb is considered to be an important source of natural antioxidants, it could be assessed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent.

Methods: In the current study, HPLC identified the active constitutes of , including total polyphenols, and flavonoids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar albino rats a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg BW). One week post diabetes induction, rats were administrated (500 mg/ kg BW) orally for one month. Molecular analysis was assessed to investigate the efficiency of on modulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 () and G1 () genes, in addition to apoptotic biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase-3β () and cellular oncogene-fos () genes. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers, nuclear factor kappa-B () and tumor necrosis factor-α () gene expression were also assessed.

Results: alcoholic extract declared the presence of polyphenols as gallic acid and flavonoids as quercetin in addition to many active constituents. Apigenin-7-glucoside and Chlorgenic acid were the most common constituents in the extract. RT-PCR results declared a significant up-regulation in mRNA gene expression of and upon treatment. Meanwhile, gene expression recorded a slight down-regulation. Gene expression of apoptotic biomarker demonstrated a significant down regulation as well as inflammatory biomarkers and .

Conclusion: From the data recorded, it could be concluded that exerts a great hypoglycemic potential via modulating , , and gene expression and signaling pathways and could be considered as an effective candidate for DMT2 treatment.