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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Background: For large genomic studies of middle-aged individuals, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extremely low, making it difficult to conduct genomic analysis of the condition. To enable genome-wide association studies of AD in such datasets, an approach called Genome-wide association by proxy (GWAX) uses family history of disease as a proxy for disease status. Borrowing from the machine learning (ML) literature, we treat the development of proxy phenotypes as a pseudo-labelling task, where an ideal proxy label accurately predicts the lifetime risk of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne-Step Image Reconstruction for Cine MRI with a Quadratic Constraint.
Int J Biomed Res Pract
June 2024
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Motivation: In cine MRI, the measurements within each timeframe alone are too noisy for image reconstruction. Some information must be 'borrowed' from other time frames and the reconstruction algorithm is a slow iterative procedure.
Goals: We set up a constrained objective function, which uses the measurements at other time frames to regularize the image reconstruction.
Cross validation in stochastic analytic continuation.
Phys Rev E
November 2024
Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Stochastic analytic continuation (SAC) enhances the ability to relate quantum Monte Carlo data to measurable dynamic response functions by resolving spectral features like narrow peaks effectively.
- Recent advancements in SAC have improved the accuracy of identifying sharp spectral features, but the challenge remains due to the complexity and ambiguity of the analytic continuation problem, where multiple outcomes may seem valid.
- This study introduces a machine learning-based cross-validation technique to objectively select the most probable spectral representation from different parametrizations, showcasing its applicability to both quantum Monte Carlo and broader analytic continuation contexts.
High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The RENOVATE Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA
December 2024
Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Importance: High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respiratory support therapies for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).
Objective: To assess whether HFNO is noninferior to NIV on the rates of endotracheal intubation or death at 7 days in 5 patient groups with ARF.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This noninferiority, randomized clinical trial enrolled hospitalized adults (aged ≥18 years; classified as 5 patient groups with ARF: nonimmunocompromised with hypoxemia, immunocompromised with hypoxemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbation with respiratory acidosis, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema [ACPE], or hypoxemic COVID-19, which was added as a separate group on June 26, 2023) at 33 hospitals in Brazil between November 2019 and November 2023 (final follow-up: April 26, 2024).
Asymptotic Distribution-Free Independence Test for High Dimension Data.
J Am Stat Assoc
December 2023
Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University.
Test of independence is of fundamental importance in modern data analysis, with broad applications in variable selection, graphical models, and causal inference. When the data is high dimensional and the potential dependence signal is sparse, independence testing becomes very challenging without distributional or structural assumptions. In this paper, we propose a general framework for independence testing by first fitting a classifier that distinguishes the joint and product distributions, and then testing the significance of the fitted classifier.
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