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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic heritable developmental delay psychiatric disorder requiring chronic management, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, hyperkinectivity and impulsivity. Subjective clinical evaluation still remains crucial in its diagnosis. Discussed are two key aspects in the "characterizing ADHD" and on the quest for objective "pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers of ADHD". The first aspect briefly revolves around issues related to identification of pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers in ADHD. Issues discussed include changes in ADHD definition, remission/persistence and overlapping-symptoms cum shared-heritability with its co-morbid cross-border mental disorders. The second aspect discussed is neurobiological and EEG-based studies on ADHD. Given the neurobiological and temporal aspects of ADHD symptoms the electroencephalograph (EEG) like NeuralScan by Medeia appears as an appropriate tool. The EEGs appropriateness is further enhanced when coupled with suitable behavior/cognitive/motor/psychological tasks/paradigms yielding EEG-based markers like event-related-potential (ERPs like P3 amplitudes and latency), reaction time variability (RTV), Theta:Beta ratio (TBR) and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). At present, these markers could potentially help in the neurobiological characterization of ADHD and either help in identifying or lay the groundwork for identifying pathognomonic and/or endophenotypic EEG-based markers enabling its diagnosis, treatment and management.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/MDER.S241205 | DOI Listing |
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Antidepressant medication adherence patterns are inconsistent in adolescents with anxiety and related disorders, and the clinical and demographic features predicting adherence are poorly understood. In an ongoing single-site prospective trial involving adolescents (aged 12-17) with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition anxiety disorders treated with escitalopram, adherence was measured for 12 weeks using electronic monitoring caps. Adherence patterns were examined using qualitative and unsupervised clustering approaches, and predictors of adherence were evaluated using logistic regression, with demographic (age, sex, and race) and clinical variables (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Objective: To explore the effects of mind-body exercise (MBE) on ADHD through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: After identifying relevant search keywords based on the study's technical terminology, research articles were retrieved from five databases. Two researchers independently screened the results to select studies that met the inclusion criteria.
Cureus
November 2024
Medical Pharmacology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, TUR.
Background and objective Over the past decade, the use of psychostimulants typically prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as methylphenidate (MP), has become popular among undergraduate students to enhance their academic performance. Despite potential health and legal repercussions, the misuse of these medications has become a significant public health issue, not only in the general population but particularly among students in medical schools across Turkey. This study investigated the prevalence of MP misuse among Turkish medical students and the factors contributing to it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, JPN.
Dysgraphia often goes unnoticed in schools, leading to delayed academic development and diminished self-esteem for affected students. This case report provides keyboarding instruction to a nine-year-old Japanese boy diagnosed with dysgraphia and observes its impact on his writing performance, including speed, accuracy, and composition, and mental burden. The patient was diagnosed with dysgraphia and refusal to write at school.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for brain development. Numerous studies have identified significant links between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function. However, research on the significance and necessity of thyroid function tests in diagnosis of neurological disorders is limited and subject to controversy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!