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The identification of a key gene highlights macrocyclic ring's role in trichothecene toxicity.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
September 2024
Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24400, Ponferrada, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Trichothecenes are toxins from certain fungi that impact plant disease and biological control, and are characterized by a common structure called EPT, with variations in a macrocyclic ring formation.
- Recent research identified the TRI24 gene as essential for forming this macrocyclic ring in the fungus Paramyrothecium roridum.
- A mutant strain lacking TRI24 displayed reduced severity in plant disease and antifungal activity, highlighting the significance of the macrocyclic ring in the biological functions of these trichothecenes.
Macrocyclic trichothecenes from Myrothecium verrucaria PA 57 and their cytotoxic activity.
Chin J Nat Med
September 2024
Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. Electronic address:
Four novel macrocyclic trichothecenes, termed mytoxins D-G (1-4), along with four known analogs (5-8), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice inoculated with the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria PA57. Each compound features a tricyclic 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (EPT) core. Notably, mytoxin G (4) represents the first instance of a macrocyclic trichothecene incorporating a glucosyl unit within the trichothecene structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of tri18 gene in Epiroridin E production and toxin resistance mechanisms in Paramyrothecium roridum.
Int J Biol Macromol
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China. Electronic address:
Type D trichothecene toxins represent a class of macrocyclic trichothecene toxins with significant cytotoxicities towards human and crops. These toxins can also be used as anti-tumor compounds by the combination of antibody-drug conjugate. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the biosynthetic routine of type D trichothecene toxins and explore type D trichothecene toxin-resistant genes, in order to ameliorate the hazard of trichothecene toxins and to facilitate the heterologous expression of toxin-biosynthetic cluster.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrystal structure of the cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecene Isororidin A.
Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem
August 2024
Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece.
The highly cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecene Isororidin A (CHO) was isolated from the fungus Myrothesium verrucaria endophytic on the wild medicinal plant `Datura' (Datura stramonium L.) and was characterized by one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. The three-dimensional structure of Isororidin A has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA review on mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses in ruminants and Equidae in South America.
Toxicon
August 2024
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79010-900, Brazil.
Of the mycotoxicoses caused by molds contaminating grains or their byproducts, leukoencephalomalacia of horses and less frequently aflatoxicosis in cattle have been reported in South America. However, the most important group of mycotoxins in the region are those caused by fungi that infect forages and other types of plants and have regional distribution. In this group, ergotism is important, both caused by Claviceps purpurea infecting grains or by Epichloë coenophiala infecting Schedonorus arundinaceus.
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