Preparation and characterization of ZnO/PEG-Co(II)-PbO nanocomposite electrode and an investigation of the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol.

A ZnO/PEG (polyethylene glycol) -Co(II)-PbO nanocomposite electrode was constructed by using the anodic electrodeposition method and used for the electrocatalytic degradation phenol. The results showed that the electrode surface formed numerous PbO nanosphere structures, and the average size of a single nanosphere is approximately 0.4 μm. XRD and EDS results showed the active layer consisted of β-PbO, and contained small amounts of cobalt and carbon. The electrochemical measurements showed that the electrode possessed a lower activation energy (E = 17.517 kJ∙mol) and charge transfer resistance (R = 7.564 Ω cm) and a larger exchange current density (i°=1.476 × 10 mA cm). The phenol degradation process was controlled by the adsorption process and kinetic parameters were obtained with an initial concentration of 100 mg L. The electrode possessed a shorter half-life, larger reaction rate constant, and degradation efficiency (RE = 91.1 %) after 180 min. Reaction order was also calculated, and the degradation followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. HPLC results showed that the degradation pathway is as follows: firstly, phenol is gradually decomposed into o-diphenol, p-diphenol and benzoquinone under hydroxyl radicals attack. Then, benzoquinone is broken into maleic acid and fumaric acid. Finally, these acidic compounds are broken into oxalic acid, which is eventually mineralized.