The cytoskeleton of cilia and flagella is so called axoneme a stable cylindrical architecture of nine microtubule doublets. Axoneme performs periodic bending motion by utilizing specific dynein motor family powered by ATP hydrolysis. It is still unclear how this highly organized "ciliary beat" is being initiated and strongly coordinated by the combined action of hundreds dynein motors. Based on the experimental evidences we here elaborate a plausible scenario in which actually calcium ions play the roles of catalytic activators and coordinators of dynein attachments doing it in superposition with already known mechanical control tools of "ciliary beat". Polyelectrolyte properties of microtubules incorporated in axoneme doublets enable the formation and propagation of soliton-like "ionic clouds" of Ca ions along these "coaxial nanocables". The sliding speed of such Ca "clouds" along microtubule doublets is comparable with the speed of propagation of "ciliary beat" itself. We elaborated the interplay between influx of Ca ions in ciliary based body and the sliding of microtubule triplets therein. In second segment we considered how the dynein motors activated by Ca ions contained within solitonic "ionic clouds" in competition with axoneme curvature regulate ciliary and flagellar beating.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104172 | DOI Listing |
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
January 2025
Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California - Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is traditionally classified into CRS with or without nasal polyps and more recently into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic endotypes. Limited research exists on the relationship between CRS subtype and mucociliary function. This study compares ciliary beat frequency (CBF) across CRS subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReprod Biomed Online
July 2024
Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:
Cilia in the fallopian tubes (CFT) play an important role in female infertility, but have not been explored comprehensively. This review reveals the detection techniques for CFT function and morphology, and the related analysis of female infertility and other gynaecological disorders. CFT differentiate from progenitor cells, and develop into primary cilia and motile cilia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosensors (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices mimic human organs, which can be used for many different applications, including drug development, environmental toxicology, disease models, and physiological assessment. Image data acquisition and analysis from these chips are crucial for advancing research in the field. In this study, we propose a label-free morphology imaging platform compatible with the small airway-on-a-chip system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Pharm Bull
December 2024
Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a host defense mechanism of the respiratory system. Beating cilia plays a crucial role in the MCC process and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is activated by several factors including elevations of the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]), intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]), and intracellular pH (pH). In this study, we investigated whether an artichoke-extracted component cynaropicrin could be a beneficial compound for improving MCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
December 2024
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated comorbidities account for the majority of poor health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Lung-related comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial pneumonia are primarily responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in PLWH, even when compensated for smoking. Smokers and COPD patients demonstrate cilia shortening, attenuated ciliary beat frequency (CBF), dysfunctional ciliated cells along with goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion.
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