Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition results in soil acidification in grasslands. Acid buffering capacity of soil is a critical index evaluating soil acidification, the response of which to N input is regulated by precipitation and concentration of other limiting elements. To explore the responses of soil acidification to N, phosphorus (P), and water inputs, we conducted a 13-year field experiment in an old-field grassland and calculated the acid buffering capacity (ABC) and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) at the reference of pH=5.0 (ANC) and 4.0 (ANC), using quadratic curve fitting model. The results showed that, without water addition, single N addition or combined with P addition significantly decreased soil pH, ANC and ANC, whereas single P addition had no significant effect on soil pH, ANC or ANC. With water addition, the addition of N or combined with P decreased soil pH, ANC and ANC, whereas P addition decreased soil pH, increased ANC, without effect on ANC. In contrast with treatments without water addition, water addition had positive effects on soil pH, ANC and ANC. For soils with different initial soil pH values, it was better to select ANC rather than ABC as an index to evaluate soil anti-acidification capacity.
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