Tests offer scores that measure student learning and programs outcomes. Valid examinations are needed to accurately reflect scores related to dimensions of knowledge, analysis and different competencies in health education. The primary step in the process of exam development should be the construction of a test blueprint. The degree of alignment of a test with its blueprint is a critical element of content validity. However, the availability of a published blueprint does not ensure that instructors adhere to it when developing their tests. This article aims to present a tool for quantitative determination of the degree of consistency between the actual test and the developed blueprint. Ensuring the quality of the test blueprinting process, through objective verification of alignment of the test with the test blueprint, increases the extent of content validity of students' assessments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.09.001 | DOI Listing |
JTO Clin Res Rep
February 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Introduction: Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective against NSCLC harboring sensitizing gene mutations, acquired resistance is inevitable. Preclinical studies suggest that combining EGFR TKI and monoclonal antibody therapies may have activity in mutated NSCLC that has progressed on TKI therapy alone. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated afatinib plus necitumumab in patients with mutated NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Breast Cancer
January 2025
Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Endocrine therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors is standard for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (ER+/HER2- MBC), yet clinical resistance develops. Previously, we demonstrated that low doses of palbociclib activate autophagy, reversing initial G1 cell cycle arrest, while high concentrations induce off-target senescence. The autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) induced on-target senescence at lower palbociclib doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Clinical T3 (cT3) breast cancer (BC) presents a challenge for achieving cosmetically acceptable breast conservation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is commonly used for cytoreduction in these high-risk cancers. MammaPrint risk-of-recurrence and BluePrint molecular subtyping genomic signatures have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting chemotherapy benefits. Here, we examined the utility of MammaPrint/BluePrint for predicting pathological Complete Response (pCR) rates to NAC among 404 patients diagnosed with cT3 early-stage BC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Justice
January 2025
Department of Forensic Science, School of Life Science, Atlantic Technology University (ATU), Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Department of Forensic and Crime Science, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK.
This study unveils the establishment of the United Kingdom-Netherlands Decomposition Experimental Research (UNDER) working group, marking a pioneering initiative in practical Forensic Taphonomy within the UK. Our primary objective was to craft a cohesive multidisciplinary framework, designed to ethically orchestrate, execute, and assess human decomposition. Concurrently, we aimed to amass data through human burials, fostering collaboration among diverse forensic experts across Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Importance: The D842V platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) mutation identifies a molecular subgroup of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), primarily resistant to standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors and with an overall more indolent behavior. Although functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) plays a proven role in GISTs, especially in early assessment of tumor response, less is known about [18F]FDG uptake according to the GIST molecular subtypes.
Objective: To evaluate the degree of [18F]FDG uptake in PDGFRA-mutant GISTs and better define the role of functional imaging in this rare and peculiar subset of GISTs.
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