Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-term disability in the United States. Persons with TBI can experience numerous alterations in functional status, self-care ability, and cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Understanding TBI features, treatment, and rehabilitation is imperative for nurses in every setting. Trauma, intensive and acute care, and rehabilitation nurses are an essential part of the interprofessional team that promotes optimum outcomes through specific interventions to foster hope for TBI patients and families.
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Radiation as an Immune Modulator: Where We Are With Modern Total Body Irradiation.
Semin Radiat Oncol
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Electronic address:
Total body irradiation (TBI) has been an important component of myeloablative and nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for decades. Playing a dual role, both cytotoxic and immuno-suppressive, TBI eliminates residual disease while also impairing the immune system from rejecting the foreign donor cells being transplanted. Unlike chemotherapy, radiotherapy is not hampered by perfusion, diffusion, or the blood-barrier effect and can effectively treat sanctuary sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThrombopoietin mimetic therapy alleviates radiation-induced bone marrow vascular injury in a bone marrow transplant mouse model.
Front Oncol
October 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
Article Synopsis
- There is a need for therapies to address bone marrow dysfunction and organ toxicity following myeloablative injury during bone marrow transplantation (BMT), associated with damage to the vascular endothelium and other organs.* -
- The study aimed to assess the effects of the thrombopoietin mimetic drug JNJ-26366821 (TPOm) on the recovery of bone marrow vascularity in mice undergoing BMT after receiving radiation conditioning.* -
- Results indicated that while donor chimerism remained similar in TPOm and control-treated mice, the treatment enhanced bone marrow vasculature regeneration, showing dose-dependent improvements in microvascular density and other vascular metrics on day 14 post-BMT.*
Long-term survival after unrelated donor marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia after optimized conditioning regimen: a retrospective multicentre cohort study.
EClinicalMedicine
October 2024
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre, Seattle, WA, USA.
Background: Almost all acquired severe aplastic anaemia is immune mediated and characterised by hypocellular bone marrow and ≥2 affected haematopoietic lineages. The optimal preparartive regimen for unrelated donor transplantation remains to be established. We aimed to study long-term outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia with de-escalation of cyclophosphamide (Cy) dose in steps of 50 mg/kg (150, 100, 50, 0 mg/kg) in combination with total body irradiation (TBI) 2 Gy, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and fludarabine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRPM4 RS8104571 GENOTYPE, CIRCULATING TRPM4 AND SUR1, AND CLINICAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Shock
January 2025
Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
The variant single nucleotide polymorphism rs8104571 has been associated with poor outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is most prevalent in those of African ancestry. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) resides within a gene coding for the TRPM4 protein, which complexes with SUR1 protein to create a transmembrane ion channel and is believed to contribute to cellular swelling and cell death in neurological tissue. Our study evaluates the relationship between circulating TRPM4 and SUR1, rs8104571 genotype, and clinical outcome in TBI patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem cell therapy: a new hope for stroke and traumatic brain injury recovery and the challenge for rural minorities in South Carolina.
Front Neurol
August 2024
Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
Stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a significant cause of death and disability nationwide. Both are considered public health concerns in rural communities in the state of South Carolina (SC), particularly affecting the African American population resulting in considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Stem cell therapy (SCT) has emerged as a potential intervention for both diseases with increasing research trials showing promising results.
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