AI Article Synopsis
- Grey water discharge from ships, particularly RoPax and cruise ships, is largely unregulated in the Baltic Sea, with an estimated 5.5 million cubic meters released annually.
- The grey water contains 44 different contaminants, including 28 organic compounds and 16 metals, with zinc and copper being the most prevalent.
- An environmental risk assessment indicates a low risk of adverse effects from these contaminants, with nitrogen and phosphorus from grey water contributing only 0.25% to eutrophication exceedance in the Baltic Sea.
Article Abstract
Discharge of grey water from ships is today unregulated in most sea areas, including the Baltic Sea. Annually, an estimated 5.5 million m grey water is emitted to the Baltic Sea with largest contribution from RoPax (4.25 million m) and cruise ships (0.65 million m). In total 44 different contaminants in grey water was identified and sorted into the sub categories organic compounds (28) and metals (16). Zinc and copper had the highest average concentrations with yearly inputs of 2.8 tons (zinc) and 1.5 tons (copper). 159 tons of nitrogen and 26.4 tons of phosphorus were estimated to be discharged to the Baltic Sea annually. An environmental risk assessment of contaminants, performed at a shipping lane in the Baltic Sea, showed the risk for adverse effects from grey water to be low. Nitrogen and phosphorus input from grey water contributes to 0.25% of the exceedance of, for the Baltic Sea set, eutrophication target.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110891 | DOI Listing |
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