Outcome of patients with sarcoidosis refractory to TNF antagonists: a case series.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have been reported as an efficient third-line therapy for sarcoidosis but there is no data regarding patients who do not respond to this treatment. To report the characteristics, the outcome and the response to therapy of patients with sarcoidosis resistant to TNF antagonists. Patients from the French STAT (Sarcoidosis Treatment with Anti-TNF) registry who were classified as non-responders and who were followed-up for >1 year were included. The response to further therapies was classified as complete response, or partial response, and the others were classified as non-responders. Among the 132 patients from the registry, 14 were considered as non-responders to anti-TNF. Nine patients (66% of women; mean age 48 years) were analyzed. The mean number of organs involved was 4.2. Seven patients were previously treated with more than 2 immunosuppressive treatments. The mean duration of the anti-TNF treatment was 9 months (range, 3-24). After a mean follow-up duration of 58 months (median, 35; range, 19-128) a complete response was observed in 2/9 cases, a partial response in 5/9 cases, and 2/9 cases were considered as non-responders. In all but one patient, the immunosuppressant that allowed the clinical response had previously been used. Furthermore, the dosage was not necessarily increased to gain efficacy. Non-responders were treated by corticosteroids only because of their comorbidities or noncompliance. In patients who do not respond to TNF antagonists, previously used immunosuppressants may be useful. Excluding a differential diagnosis, assessing compliance and testing for anti-drug antibodies should be systematic. .