Understanding the treatment and influencing factors of straw is important to improve the utilization efficiency of straw resources and alleviate the negative external effects of the environment. Here, we proposed an analysis framework of farmers' straw disposal behavior based on ecological rationality. The Logit model was used to analyze the farmers' willingness and influencing factors for the selection of straw burning and feed utilization with a dataset of 424 valid questionnaires in dry farming areas of Gansu Province. The results showed that the straw disposal behavior of farmers was the result of decision-making cognition formed in the process of long-term adaptation and co-evolution between farmers and the surrounding environment. In dry farming area, the straw treatment methods were diversified, with feed utilization and fuel as the two main forms and straw incineration and discard being ubiquitous. Among the factors that affect farmers' straw burning behavior, householder age (P＜0.1), education level (P＜0.01), the scale of livestock raising (P＜0.05), the proportion of agricultural income (P＜0.1), and government policy propaganda (P＜0.01) had significant inhibitory effect. The gender of householder (P＜0.1) and cognition level (P＜0.01) helped farmers to choose the non-pro-environmental behavior, and the environmental awareness of farmers was weak. In terms of straw feed utilization behavior, householder age (P＜0.1), education level (P＜0.05), the situation of family members serving as village cadres (P＜0.05), feed proces-sing technical guidance (P＜0.01) and subsidy for prohibition of straw burning (P＜0.1) had positive effect on straw forage utilization, while the topography (P＜0.1) had a negative effect. Some policy recommendations were given to promote utilization of straw resources: constructing a combination mechanism of "prohibition of burning and subsidies", strengthening the extension of straw feed utilization technology, and accelerating the improvement of straw collection-store-transportation service system.
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