We study fixation probabilities for the Moran stochastic process for the evolution of a population with three or more types of individuals and frequency-dependent fitnesses. Contrary to the case of populations with two types of individuals, in which fixation probabilities may be calculated by an exact formula, here we must solve a large system of linear equations. We first show that this system always has a unique solution. Other results are upper and lower bounds for the fixation probabilities obtained by coupling the Moran process with three strategies with birth-death processes with only two strategies. We also apply our bounds to the problem of evolution of cooperation in a population with three types of individuals already studied in a deterministic setting by Núñez Rodríguez and Neves (J Math Biol 73:1665-1690, 2016). We argue that cooperators will be fixated in the population with probability arbitrarily close to 1 for a large region of initial conditions and large enough population sizes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-020-01510-0 | DOI Listing |
Ann Plast Surg
December 2024
From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa.
Objective: The impact of suture materials on surgical site infections (SSIs) has been well documented in various surgical fields; however, it has not been thoroughly examined in oral oncological surgery with free-flap reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of oral SSIs associated with the use of monofilament and braided sutures for flap fixation.
Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent oral oncological resection with free-flap reconstruction was conducted between May 2020 and April 2024.
J Evol Biol
December 2024
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, UK.
The time needed for the evolution of mating cues that distinguish species, such as species-specific songs or plumage coloration in birds, has received little attention. Aiming to gain some understanding of the timing of the evolutionary process we here present models of how mating cues evolve in populations split into subpopulations between which there may (parapatry) or may not (allopatry) be migration. Mating cues can be either neutral or directly selected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Trauma Emerg Surg
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Purpose: (1) To evaluate the incidence and combination types of concomitant malleolar and fibular fractures in patients with distal spiral tibial shaft fractures. (2) To evaluate the risk factors for concomitant malleolar fractures in patients with distal spiral tibial shaft fractures.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 64 cases of surgically treated distal spiral tibial shaft fractures with complete radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans.
BMC Surg
January 2025
Department of orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Background: The incidence rate of subsequent refracture after removal of the implant in mid-shaft clavicle fracture patients is relatively high. This can lead to additional medical costs and cause doctor-patient dispute. This study tries to introduce a new method to predict the refracture risk of the clavicle after hardware removal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Central, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant concern following posterior lumbar fusion surgery, leading to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Accurate prediction of SSI risk is crucial for implementing preventive measures and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram predictive model for assessing the risk of SSIs following posterior lumbar fusion surgery.
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