AI Article Synopsis
- Chitosan is a low-toxicity and biocompatible biomaterial often used for DNA or protein delivery, but its low-molecular-weight form (LMWCS) has not been extensively studied for toxicity in freshwater fish.
- Research using zebrafish (Danio rerio) showed that LMWCS causes cytotoxicity in liver cells, leading to cell membrane damage and decreased cell viability, as well as death in zebrafish.
- Toxic effects of LMWCS in zebrafish were observed mainly at pH levels below 7 and were mitigated by the presence of other negative ions, highlighting a new understanding of its properties.
Article Abstract
Chitosan is suggested as no or low toxicity and biocompatible biomaterial. Digestion of chitosan to reduce molecular weight and formulate nanoparticle was generally used to improve efficiency for DNA or protein delivery. However, the toxicity of low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWCS) towards freshwater fishes has not been well evaluated. Here, we reported the toxic mechanism of LMWCS using zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver (ZFL) cell line, zebrafish larvae, and adult fish. LMWCS rapidly induced cytotoxicity of ZFL cells and death of zebrafish. Cell membrane damaged by LMWCS reduced cell viability. Damaged membrane of epithelial cell in zebrafish larvae induced breakage of the yolk. Adult fish exhibited hypoxia before death due to multiple damages induced by LMWCS. Although the toxicity of LMWCS was revealed in zebrafish model, the toxicity was only present in pH < 7 and easy be neutralized by other negative ions. Collectively, these data improved a new understanding of LMWCS properties.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116164 | DOI Listing |
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