Glaciimonas soli sp. nov., a soil bacterium isolated from the forest of a high elevation mountain.

A Gram-negative, psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain GS1, was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from the West Peak of Mt. Yushan, Yushan National Park, Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were mostly non-motile and non-flagellated, whereas motile cells with monotrichous, subpolar flagella were also observed. The novel strain grew over a temperature range of 4-25 °C with optimum growth at 10-15 °C. It grew aerobically and was not capable of anaerobic growth by fermentation of D-glucose or other carbohydrates. Ubiquinone 8 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and dimethylaminoethanol. Cellular fatty acids were dominated by Cω7c (35.2%), C (19.5%), Cω7c (18.8%) and Cω7c cyclo (15.5%). The DNA G + C content was 49.2 mol% evaluated according to the genomic sequencing data. Strain GS1 shared more than 96.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of four Collimonas species (97.2-97.5%), three Glaciimonas species (97.3% for each of the three) and Oxalicibacterium solurbis (96.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GS1 formed a stable genus-level clade with type strains of species in the genus Glaciimonas in the family Oxalobacteraceae and GS1 was an outgroup with respect to these Glaciimonas species. Characteristically, strain GS1 could be easily distinguished from the recognised Glaciimonas species by exhibition of swimming motility with monotrichous, subpolar flagellum in some of the cells, ability to grow in NaCl at 2% but not at 3% and the distinguishable fatty acid profiles. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data from this study, strain GS1 is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Glaciimonas, for which the name Glaciimonas soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GS1 (= JCM 33275 = BCRC 81091).