In this review we present relevant and recent applications of porphyrin derivatives as photocatalysts in organic synthesis, involving both single electron transfer (SET) and energy transfer (ET) mechanistic approaches. We demonstrate that these highly conjugated photosensitizers show increasing potential in photocatalysis since they combine both photo- and electrochemical properties which can substitute available metalloorganic photocatalysts. Batch and continuous-flow approaches are presented highlighting the relevance of enabling technologies for the renewal of porphyrin applications in photocatalysis. Finally, the reaction scale in which the methodologies were developed are highlighted since this is an important parameter in the authors' opinion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.83 | DOI Listing |
Chem Rev
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
-Sulfonyl hydrazones have been extensively used as operationally safe carbene precursors in modern organic synthesis due to their ready availability, facile functionalization, and environmental benignity. Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous progress in the carbene chemistry of -sulfonyl hydrazones in the presence of transition metal catalysts, under metal-free conditions, or using photocatalysts under photoirradiation conditions. Many carbene transfer reactions of -sulfonyl hydrazones are unique and cannot be achieved by any alternative methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
This study is the first to convert two waste materials, waste rice noodles (WRN) and red mud (RM), into a low-cost, high-value magnetic photocatalytic composite. WRN was processed via a hydrothermal method to produce a solution containing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Simultaneously, RM was dissolved in acid to form a Fe ion-rich solution, which was subsequently mixed with the CQDs solution and underwent hydrothermal treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
January 2025
Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
The layer-stacking mode of a two-dimensional (2D) material plays a dominant role either in its topology or properties, but remains challenging to control. Herein, we developed alkali-metal ion-regulating synthetic control on the stacking structure of a vinylene-linked covalent triazine framework (termed spc-CTF) for improving hydrogen peroxide (HO) photoproduction. Upon the catalysis of EtONa in Knoevenagel polycondensation, a typical eclipsed stacking mode (spc-CTF-4@AA) was built, while a staggered one (spc-CTF-4@AB) was constructed using LiOH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Intensified host-guest electronic interplay within stable metal-organic cages (MOCs) presents great opportunities for applications in stimuli response and photocatalysis. Zr-MOCs represent a type of robust discrete hosts for such a design, but their host-guest chemistry in solution is hampered by the limited solubility. Here, by using pyridinium-derived cationic ligands with tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate (BAr) as solubilizing counteranions, we report the preparation of soluble Zr-MOCs of different shapes (1-4) that are otherwise inaccessible through a conventional method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
The introduction of structural defects can improve the charge separation efficiency of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based photocatalysts, which however come with suboptimal decontamination performance, due to steric hindrance and limited binding capacity of the involved modulators. In this work, hydroxyl group capturing the advantages of both worlds was utilized as new modulator to improve the photocatalytic performance of Fe-based defective MOFs. Benefited from its low steric effect and strong coordination bonding capability, hydroxyl-induced defects in Fe-MOF contributed to a nearly 8-fold increase of rate constant for the photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compared to that of pristine one, which also exceeded the defective one induced by acetic acid as modulator.
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