The impact of near-infrared angiography and proctoscopy after rectosigmoid resection and anastomosis performed during surgeries for gynecologic malignancies.

Objectives: Reducing anastomotic leak rates after rectosigmoid resection and anastomosis is a priority in patients undergoing gynecologic oncology surgery. Therefore, we investigated the implications of performing near-infrared angiography (NIR) via proctoscopy to assess anastomotic perfusion at the time of rectosigmoid resection and anastomosis.

Methods: We identified all patients who underwent rectosigmoid resection and anastomosis for a gynecologic malignancy between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018. NIR proctoscopy was assessed via the PINPOINT Endoscopic Imaging System (Stryker).

Results: A total of 410 patients were identified, among whom NIR was utilized in 133 (32.4%). There were no statistically significant differences in age, race, BMI, type of malignancy, surgery, histology, FIGO stage, hypertension, diabetes, or preoperative chemotherapy between NIR and non-NIR groups. All cases of rectosigmoid resection underwent stapled anastomosis. The anastomotic leak rate was 2/133 (1.5%) in the NIR cohort compared with 13/277 (4.7%) in the non-NIR cohort (p = 0.16). Diverting ostomy was performed in 9/133 (6.8%) NIR and 53/277 (19.9%) non-NIR patients (p < 0.001). Postoperative abscesses occurred in 8/133 (6.0%) NIR and 44/277 (15.9%) non-NIR patients (p = 0.004). The NIR cohort had significantly fewer post-operative interventional procedures (12/133, 9.0% NIR vs. 55/277, 19.9% non-NIR, p = 0.006) and significantly fewer 30-day readmissions (14/133, 10.5% NIR vs. 61/277, 22% non-NIR, p = 0.004).

Conclusions: NIR proctoscopy is a safe tool for assessing anastomotic rectal perfusion after rectosigmoid resection and anastomosis, with a low anastomotic leak rate of 1.5%. Its potential usefulness should be evaluated in randomized trials in patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery.