Objectives: Countries' national drug policies include all key stakeholders (pharmacists, physicians, pharmaceutical firms, and patients) in the public, the private sector, and the field of pharmacy. The aim of this study was to outline pharmaceutical patents and data protection, orphan drugs, drug pricing, and surplus goods regarding pharmacoeconomics, promotions, inspections in the pharmaceutical industry, and policies in pharmacies with respect to buying and selling drugs, and to discuss ethics in particular.
Materials And Methods: Written laws in force relating to drugs in Turkey constitute the materials of this study.
Results: Essential medicines must always be accessible. Both governments and pharmaceutical companies must fulfill the obligations imposed on them in an ethical way. Research and development activities must also be carried out for orphan drugs. While pricing drugs, authorities must take pharmacoeconomic evaluations into account.
Conclusion: Drugs must be accessible and in the first grade at all times under all circumstances because a product cannot replace it. The concept of surplus goods should be revised to ensure the common needs of the pharmaceutical industry, warehouses, and pharmacies. Promotions in the field by the pharmaceutical industry should be made based on scientific evidence in an ethical way. Inspectors should perform meticulous pharmaceutical industry inspections.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjps.88598 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chim Acta
February 2025
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Sample preparation can be a critical stage of analytical procedures that profoundly influences their performance, environmental impact, and overall efficiency. While nanomaterials have revolutionized sample preparation owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratios, tunable surface chemistry, and enhanced adsorption capacities, limitations persist. Researchers have ushered in a new era of efficient sample preparation methodologies that could overcome the limitations of nanomaterials by introducing deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have unique advantages such as low volatility and toxicity, biodegradability, and tunability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGene
January 2025
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100 China; Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100 China. Electronic address:
Nosema bombycis, the causative agent of pebrine disease, poses a significant threat to the silkworm industry due to its negative impact on silkworm health and productivity. The chaperonin-containing tailless complex polypeptide (CCT) plays a crucial role in protein folding, and its β subunit (CCTβ) is essential for the proper folding of cytoskeletal proteins, such as actin and tubulin. In this study, we cloned and expressed the NbCCTβ gene from N.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharm Biopharm
January 2025
National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203 PR China. Electronic address:
Current analgesics on the market exhibit a short duration of action and induce the production of inflammatory factors in tissues damaged by surgical procedures. Inflammatory factor production can create acidic environments, limiting drug delivery. In this study, we developed a novel injectable formulation comprising bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes of high osmotic pressure (H-MVL) and meloxicam nanocrystals (MLX) in a thermosensitive gel (H-MVL/MLX@GEL) adapted to the microenvironment for long-term postoperative analgesia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
January 2025
Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Sichuan-Chengdu 610106, China. Electronic address:
Gastric ulcers often cause postprandial epigastric pain, especially in acute cases. Abnormal motility, with about 50 % of patients having delayed gastric emptying, contributes to ulcer development. Costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostuslactone (DEH), derived from "Mu xiang" herbs, show potential in treating ulcers and regulating gastrointestinal motility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Anesth
January 2025
School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-0872, Japan; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address:
Study Objective: This study aimed to examine extent, fraction, and trends of general payments to anesthesiologists and non-physician anesthesia providers (NPAPs) in the United States.
Design: This is a cross-sectional analysis of general payments by pharmaceutical and medical device industry to all anesthesiologists (2014-2023) and NPAPs (2021-2023) for non-research purposes using the Open Payments Database, a federal transparency database under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act between 2014 and 2023.
Setting: The United States.
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