The problem of backscattering of light by a discrete random medium illuminated by an obliquely incident plane electromagnetic wave is considered. The analysis is performed in a linear-polarization basis and includes (i) a complete derivation of the cross reflection matrix for a layer with densely and sparsely distributed particles, (ii) the design of an approximate method for computing the ladder and cross reflection matrices in the case of a semi-infinite medium with a sparse distribution of particles, (iii) the derivation of the relations between the elements of the ladder and cross reflection matrices in the exact backscattering direction for dense and sparse media, and (iv) the development of practical algorithms for solving the underlying integral equations by the method of Picard iterations and the discrete ordinate method. Simulation results for particles with large size parameters are also presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.07.008 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China.
Although deterministic analysis can provide initial insights into slope stability, there is no way to reflect the true distribution of soil properties within a slope. To further investigate the effects of the spatial variability of soil properties on the stability and failure mechanism of slope under different foundation types, this study develops a framework combining simple limit equilibrium method (LEM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and random field to incorporate these factors into slope probabilistic stability analysis. The slope models of two typical foundations (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Several anthropometric indices reflecting cardiometabolic risks have been developed, but the relationship of body composition with arterial stiffness remains unclear. We aimed to determine the interaction between age-related anthropometric changes and progression of arterial stiffness.
Methods: This research analyzed cross-sectional data (N=13,672) and 4-year longitudinal data (N=5,118) obtained from a healthy Japanese population without metabolic disorders.
Ecology
January 2025
Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
February 2025
Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Background: Drug shortages are an increasing and worldwide problem. Oral antibiotics are one of the most used medicines worldwide and have recently been affected by drug shortages. Despite this, little is known about the impact of antibiotic shortages on prescribing practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
January 2025
Unitat de Recerca i Innovació, Gerència d'Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped social dynamics, fostering reliance on social media for information, connection, and collective sense-making. Understanding how citizens navigate a global health crisis in varying cultural and economic contexts is crucial for effective crisis communication.
Objective: This study examines the evolution of citizen collective sense-making during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing social media discourse across Italy, the United Kingdom, and Egypt, representing diverse economic and cultural contexts.
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