Shared decision making (SDM) is used in adult and pediatric practice for both its ethical and its practical benefits. However, its use is complicated with adolescents whose emerging and relational autonomy is distinct from that of adults, who make decisions independently, and children, whose parents make decisions for them. This hypothetical case scenario and commentary provide clinicians with a practical and stepwise approach to SDM with adolescents as well as guidance when SDM breaks down.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2020.372 | DOI Listing |
AIDS
January 2025
Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Objective: To examine the impact of in utero exposure to dolutegravir (DTG)- or efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) on child neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes.
Design: Prospective cohort design, enrolling 3 cohorts of 2-year-olds: children HIV-negative born to mothers with HIV (CHEU) receiving either DTG-based or EFV-based 3-drug ART during pregnancy, and children born to mothers without HIV (CHUU).
Methods: Primary child ND outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) and compared between cohorts using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for confounders.
J Health Psychol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
Despite numerous studies observing a positive correlation between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the strength of this association varied considerably in previous research. This study aims to obtain reliable estimates for effect sizes and investigate the potential moderators of the association between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventeen studies (65 effect sizes, 14,511 participants) were reviewed using a systematic literature search and the PRISMA approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEast Mediterr Health J
December 2024
Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background: Lebanon's economic and financial crises have affected the quality-of-life, including food safety and food security.
Aim: To assess food safety knowledge and practices among a sample Lebanese population and the association with the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of participants.
Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data online from 412 Lebanese adults aged ≥ 18 years [mostly female (77.
East Mediterr Health J
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
Background: Child maltreatment is a global issue that significantly impacts children's lives. In 2018, 32% of 15-year-olds in Albania reported experiencing physical abuse.
Aim: To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of child abuse and neglect in Albania.
Eur J Orthod
December 2024
Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario 'Gaspare Rodolico-San Marco', Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
Background/objectives: Evidence suggests nasal airflow resistance reduces after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, the medium-term effects of RME on upper airway (UA) airflow characteristics when normal craniofacial development is considered are still unclear. This retrospective cohort study used computer fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the medium-term changes in the UA airflow (pressure and velocity) after RME in two distinct age-based cohorts.
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