AI Article Synopsis

  • - Dyslipidemia, linked to cardiovascular diseases and liver disorders, was studied for its impact in high cholesterol diet-fed rats, focusing on the protective effects of farnesol (FAR) against liver injury.
  • - The research revealed that rats on a high cholesterol diet showed increased levels of cholesterol, inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes, whereas FAR treatment significantly improved liver function, reduced inflammation, and enhanced antioxidant defenses.
  • - Farnesol was found to inhibit the activity and gene expression of key enzymes in fat metabolism, suggesting its potential as an effective lipid-lowering agent that protects against dyslipidemia and related metabolic issues.

Article Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, steatohepatitis, and progression of liver disorders. This study investigated the protective effect of farnesol (FAR), a sesquiterpene alcohol, against liver injury in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rats, and its modulatory effect on fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). HCD was supplemented for 10 weeks, and the rats were concurrently treated with FAR. Rats that received HCD exhibited significant elevation of serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL and vLDL cholesterol, CRP, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased values of the cardiovascular risk indices. Serum transaminases, ALP, LDH and CK-MB, and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), cholesterol, and triacylglycerols were increased in HCD-fed rats. Treatment with FAR greatly ameliorated dyslipidemia and liver function, reduced inflammatory mediators, LPO, and hepatic lipid infiltration and enhanced anti-oxidant defenses. FAR suppressed hepatic FAS, ACC, and SREPB-1c mRNA abundance and FAS activity in HDC-fed rats. In addition, molecular docking simulations pinpointed the binding modes of FAR to the active pocket residues of FAS and ACC. In conclusion, FAR possesses a strong anti-hyperlipidemic/anti-hypercholesterolemic activity mediated through its ability to modulate hepatic FAS, ACC, and SREPB-1c. FAR prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury induced by HCD. Thus, FAR may represent a promising lipid-lowering agent that can protect against dyslipidemia and its linked metabolic deregulations.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09296-wDOI Listing

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