Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are recommended for use in pediatric immunization programs worldwide. Few data are available on their effect against mortality. We present a multicountry evaluation of the population-level impact of PCVs against death due to pneumonia in children < 5 years of age.
Methods: We obtained national-level mortality data between 2000 and 2016 from 10 Latin American and Caribbean countries, using the standardized protocol. Time series models were used to evaluate the decline in all-cause pneumonia deaths during the postvaccination period while controlling for unrelated temporal trends using control causes of death.
Results: The estimated declines in pneumonia mortality following the introduction of PCVs ranged from 11% to 35% among children aged 2-59 months in 5 countries: Colombia (24% [95% credible interval {CrI}, 3%-35%]), Ecuador (25% [95% CrI, 4%-41%]), Mexico (11% [95% CrI, 3%-18%]), Nicaragua (19% [95% CrI, 0-34%]), and Peru (35% [95% CrI, 20%-47%]). In Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, the declines were not detected in the aggregated age group but were detected in certain age strata. In Guyana and Honduras, the estimates had large uncertainty, and no declines were detected. Across the 10 countries, most of which have low to moderate incidence of pneumonia mortality, PCVs have prevented nearly 4500 all-cause pneumonia deaths in children 2-59 months since introduction.
Conclusions: Although the data quality was variable between countries, and the patterns varied across countries and age groups, the balance of evidence suggests that mortality due to all-cause pneumonia in children declined after PCV introduction. The impact could be greater in populations with a higher prevaccine burden of pneumonia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa614 | DOI Listing |
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (CRM197/TT) (PCV13i) in infants.
Methods: A total of 1200 infants were randomly assigned to either the experimental PCV13i group or the control PCV13 group in a 1:1 ratio. Each group received a three-dose series of the vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, followed by a booster dose at 12-15 months.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Uganda's Integrated Child Health Day (ICHD) initiative aims to improve children's access to vaccinations. Although widely used as a catch-up vaccination strategy, the effectiveness of the ICHD program in increasing immunization coverage, especially among vulnerable populations, has not been recently evaluated. This study assessed the reach and uptake of ICHD for immunizations in Uganda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Glob Public Health
January 2025
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda.
Pneumonia is the second leading cause of hospital admissions and deaths among children <5 years in Uganda. In 2014, Uganda officially rolled out the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into routine immunization schedule. However, little is known about the long-term impact of PCV on pneumonia admissions and deaths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Vaccines, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background: Serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay results can be used to estimate the serotype contribution among adults with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to guide recommendations regarding higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).
Methods: Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographic evidence of CAP were prospectively enrolled in 4 US cities from November 2019 to December 2020, overlapping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were collected by patient interview and medical chart review.
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
January 2025
China is experiencing a demographic shift as its population ages. The elderly population becomes increasingly susceptible to pneumonia. Pneumonia in the elderly is characterized by its insidious onset, rapid progression, multiple comorbidities, poor prognosis, and high morbidity and mortality.
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