Objectives: To assess whether salivary urea and creatinine levels accurately reflect their serum levels in blood samples of adults to detect chronic kidney disease.
Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted in eight electronic databases. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Only diagnostic test studies were included. The JBI critical appraisal tools assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed. The GRADE tool assessed the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation across the studies included.
Results: Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Six studies assessed salivary urea, and six studies assessed salivary creatinine. All studies presented moderate risk of bias. The meta-analysis depicted an overall sensitivity of 93.3% (95% CI = 88.6; 97.9) for salivary creatinine levels and 87.5% (95% CI = 83.2; 91.8) for salivary urea levels, while the overall specificity was 87.1% (95% CI = 82.8; 91.3) and 83.2% (95% CI = 65.0; 101.4) for salivary creatinine and urea levels, respectively. The overall accuracy of salivary creatinine was 5.2 percentage points higher compared with salivary urea levels (90.8% vs. 85.6%). According to the GRADE tool, the analysed outcomes were classified as having low to moderate level of certainty.
Conclusion: Compared with blood samples, salivary urea and creatinine levels presented high diagnostic values for chronic kidney disease screening, but should not be considered equivalent to levels obtained from blood at stages three, four, or five of the disease.
Clinical Significance: Chronic kidney disease patients could receive a clinically significant benefit from replacing blood with saliva for potentially monitoring renal function. Saliva collection presents greater simplicity, comfort, safety, and lower collection cost.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03340-2 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biometeorol
November 2024
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India.
The present study aims to explore the potential biomarker application of salivary heat shock 70 kDa protein in detecting thermal stress in dairy animals noninvasively. The study spans for 45 days during the mid-summer season (April-May), involving twelve multiparous non-pregnant adult Jersey crossbred cows by randomly allocating them into groups (six animals in each group). The control animals were maintained in the shed, whereas the thermal stress group animals were exposed to environment heat between 10:00 h to 16.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ozonated water is expected to be an effective disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2 present on environmental fomites; however, ozone is consumed by organic substances, resulting in attenuation of its effect. SARS-CoV-2 present in saliva can contaminate environmental surfaces; therefore, it is essential to understand the effect of organic substances in saliva on the disinfectant properties of ozonated water.
Aim: To assess organic factors in saliva and the extent to which they diminish the effect of ozonated water on SARS-CoV-2.
Life Sci
December 2024
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Diabetic patients commonly experience hyposalivation, which can cause challenges with eating, swallowing, dry mouth, and speaking. It also raises the likelihood of developing periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate if agmatine could improve the rate of salivation in rats with hyposalivation induced by streptozotocin (STZ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolites
September 2024
Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia.
Unlabelled: This study of the features of the biochemical composition of biological fluids in patients with breast cancer, including saliva, allows us to identify some indicators as metabolic predictors of the presence of the disease.
Objectives: to study the influence of the menopause factor and body mass index (BMI) on the biochemical composition of saliva and to evaluate the applicability of metabolic markers of saliva for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Methods: The case-control study involved 1438 people (breast cancer, = 543; fibroadenomas, = 597; control, = 298).
Microbiol Spectr
November 2024
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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