This article seeks to summarize the mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and FDA approval status of several psychiatric medications that are either newly available or in the FDA approval process. This article highlights medications that demonstrate novel mechanisms of action, examines nonpsychiatric medications that are being used to augment existing psychiatric treatments, and elucidates treatments for illnesses that have not previously received FDA indications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2020.02.008 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
To understand the action mechanism of probiotics against postmenopausal symptoms, we examined the effects of Lactococcus lactis P32 (P) and Bifidobacterium bifidum P45 (P), which suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RNAKL) expression in Gardnerella vaginalis (Gv)-stimulated macrophages, on vaginitis, osteoporosis, and depression/cognitive impairment (DC) in mice with vaginally infected Gv, ovariectomy (Ov), or Ov/Gv (oG). Oral administration of P or P decreased Gv-induced DC-like behavior and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, RANK, and/or RANKL expression in the vagina, bone, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and colon, while Gv-suppressed bone osteoprotegerin and brain serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels increased. They partially shifted vaginal and gut dysbiosis in Gv-infected mice to the gut microbiota composition in normal control mice.
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December 2024
Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Network hypersynchrony is emerging as an important system-level mechanism underlying seizures, as well as cognitive and behavioural impairments, in children with structural brain abnormalities. We investigated patterns of single neuron action potential behaviour in 206 neurons recorded from tubers, transmantle tails of tubers and normal looking cortex in 3 children with tuberous sclerosis. The patterns of neuronal firing on a neuron-by-neuron (autocorrelation) basis did not reveal any differences as a function of anatomy.
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December 2024
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Marine cyclopianes are a family of diterpenoid with novel carbon skeleton and diverse biological activities. Herein, we report our synthetic and chemical proteomics studies of cyclopiane diterpenes which culminate in the asymmetric total synthesis of conidiogenones C, K and 12β-hydroxy conidiogenone C, and identification of Immunity-related GTPase family M protein 1 (IRGM1) as a cellular target. Our asymmetric synthesis commences from Wieland-Miescher ketone and features a sequential intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction and gold-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization to rapidly construct the 6-5-5-5 tetracyclic skeleton.
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December 2024
Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA.
The benefits of sleep extend beyond the nervous system. Peripheral tissues impact sleep regulation, and increased sleep is observed in response to damaging conditions, even those that selectively affect non-neuronal cells. However, the 'sleep need' signal released by stressed tissues is not known.
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December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
The current opioid crisis urgently calls for developing non-addictive pain medications. Progress has been slow, highlighting the need to uncover targets with unique mechanisms of action. Extracellular adenosine alleviates pain by activating the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).
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