Objective: The presence of multiple injuries in addition to a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is initially uncertain in most patients with posttraumatic coma. The interdisciplinary team of physicians in charge of initial treatment after hospital admission may face a collision of vital priorities. The purpose of this study was to analyze which diagnostic and surgical measures were given priority over others in comatose patients after injury and to draw conclusions from these data.
Methods: In this prospective multicenter cohort study, the outcomes of 1,003 comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries were studied. The analysis was divided into an early and a late stage. Diagnostic and surgical measures were analyzed for a 6-month period. The prognostic value of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading scale were investigated.
Results: Removal of intracranial hematomas and decompressive craniotomies were the most frequent procedures within the first 48 hours after admission to the hospital. Prognosis depends on the location and the combination of injuries. Outcome is significantly correlated to initial signs of brainstem dysfunction. The GCS did not adequately predict clinical outcome.
Conclusion: Comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries should only be admitted to hospitals with a continuous neurosurgical service because intracranial operations are more frequent in the first 48 hours than extracranial operations. Depending on the neurologic status of the patient, an urgent surgical decompression may be essential for a good outcome. The GCS alone is not a sufficient tool for the neurologic assessment and the prognosis of patients with multiple injuries. The onset of clinical signs of brainstem dysfunction indicates a critical deterioration of the functioning of the central nervous system. The priority of surgical measures should be tailored accordingly.
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