Dry eye is considered the most common disease in ophthalmology. In recent decades, there has been intensive clinical and experimental research on this condition and our scientific knowledge of its pathophysiology has greatly expanded. The disease may be simple or severe and may lead to complex deregulation of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface, typically with a disparity between the clinical findings and the patient's symptoms. Chronic tissue injury induces various vicious circles that together lead to progressive worsening of the clinical picture. This can trigger inflammatory reactions that further intensify the disease process and can lead to the development of immunomodulated inflammation and a chronic pain syndrome. Both are relatively resistant to therapy in ordinary clinical practice. Better insight into the pathophysiological basics has enabled many approaches for innovations in diagnosis and therapy of dry eye. Nevertheless, sicca practice typically requires a great deal of time, usually offers only symptomatic therapy in everyday life and is often unsatisfactory for the patient and for his or her physician. For this reason, dry eye is often rather difficult to understand and difficult to manage. The scientific information platform of the Ocular Surface Center Berlin (OSCB-Berlin.org) aims to facilitate the understanding of the functional interactions at the ocular surface and thus also of the mechanisms involved in the complex pathophysiology of dry eye disease and of chronic inflammation. This is the basis for an up-to-date overview of dry eye diagnostic testing and therapy on different levels, which allows an understanding for clinicians and also for patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1155-6556 | DOI Listing |
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathological process of dry eye disease. Our previous results suggested that norepinephrine (NE) has a protective effect on dry eye.
Purpose: This study explored the potential therapeutic role and underlying mechanisms of NE in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye disease.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
The surface of the eye is constantly exposed to the external environment and is affected by atmospheric conditions and air pollution, and dry eye is a typical ocular surface disease. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are seasonal differences in the number of dry eye operations in Japan and to investigate whether meteorological conditions and air pollutants are related to. The operations were examined using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) database from fiscal years 2019 to 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrocirculation
January 2025
Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Moheb Kowsar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose: To assess the colocalization of ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption with nonperfusion in choriocapillaris (CC), retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in diabetic patients using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).
Methods: Macular OCT and OCTA scans (3 × 3 mm) of 41 patients with diabetic retinopathy were obtained using an RTVue XR Avanti instrument. After correcting the shadow artifacts, EZ integrity was assessed in the en face OCT slab using the Gaussian mixture model clustering method compared with the corresponding EZ en face OCT of 11 age-matched normal patients.
Optom Vis Sci
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Significance: Artificial tears remain the cornerstone for managing dry eye disease. The current study's real-world efficacy test of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, or sodium hyaluronate (SH)-based lubricants highlights their similar effects on noninvasive tear film parameters over the short term. However, patients reported better relief with SH-based lubricants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVision (Basel)
November 2024
Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Dry eye disease (DED) has become increasingly prevalent in the digital era, largely due to prolonged screen exposure. The excessive use of digital devices contributes to inappropriate blink frequency and dynamics, leading to ocular surface dryness and discomfort. Additionally, digital screen use has broader implications for systemic health, including visual strain, headaches, and disrupted circadian rhythms caused by blue light exposure.
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