The major sources of the data on the hematological malignancies in the post-Chernobyl period in the regions of Ukraine differing by the levels of the residual contamination with radionuclides have been analyzed. According to the data collected from the primary hematological facilities in Ukraine in 2010-2017, the incidence of lymphoid neoplasms from mature B cells, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple myeloma in the most contaminated regions was higher than in the less contaminated ones. For the first time, the relative contribution of the several specific types of leukemia in the total diagnosed hematological malignancies has been analyzed throughout 1997-2017 based on the in-house database compiled by the Reference Laboratory of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 2011-2017, the Reference Laboratory provided the diagnostic studies in about 26% of all Ukrainian patients with tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (34% of patients with different forms of acute and chronic leukemia). The increased proportion of acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the total diagnosed cases of overall leukemia in the patients from contaminated regions has been demonstrated following Chernobyl accident.
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