Differences in gut microbiota composition have been associated with obesity and metabolic alterations in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance of the main bacterial families of the gut among children according to their body composition and metabolic markers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 school-aged children (8.4 ± 1.6 years old). Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured and a blood sample was collected to determine glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, leptin, and cytokines [interleukin 6, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)]. DNA was extracted from stool samples and the abundance of bacterial families (--, and -) was determined by qPCR assays. Children with obesity and high waist/height ratio had lower -- and higher abundance of when compared with normal-weight children. TNFα was negatively associated and IL-10 was positively associated with -- Triglycerides showed a positive relationship with - whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was negatively associated with . In rural Mexican school-aged children, a low abundance of -- and a high abundance of are associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances.
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