Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from Leaves Against Eggs and Larvae.

affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a hydroalcoholic extract ( showed anthelmintic activity () against . Searching for bioactive compounds () with high , the was fractioned obtaining an aqueous () and an ethyl acetate fraction (), and a flavonoid with identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from . Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test () and larval mortality () assays. The obtained from were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest were recorded with , resulting in 100% and 80.45% at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.