Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of highly purified human menotropin (HP-hMG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) for controlled ovarian stimulation in a population of patients predicted to be high responders.
Design: Randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, noninferiority trial.
Setting: Fertility centers.
Patient(s): A total of 620 women with serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) ≥5 ng/mL.
Intervention(s): Controlled ovarian stimulation with HP-hMG or rFSH in a GnRH antagonist assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle. Fresh transfer of a single blastocyst was performed unless ovarian response was excessive, in which all embryos were cryopreserved. Subjects could undergo subsequent frozen blastocyst transfer within 6 months of randomization.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) after fresh transfer (primary endpoint), as well as cumulative live birth, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and pregnancy loss rates.
Results: OPR/cycle start after fresh transfer was 35.5% with HP-hMG and 30.7% with rFSH (difference: 4.7%, 95% CI -2.7%, 12.1%); noninferiority was established. Compared to rFSH, HP-hMG was associated with significantly lower OHSS (21.4% vs. 9.7% respectively; difference: -11.7%, 95% CI -17.3%, -6.1%) and cumulative early pregnancy loss rates (25.5% vs. 14.5% respectively; difference: -11.0%, 95% CI -18.8%, -3.14%). Despite 43 more transfers in the rFSH group, cumulative live birth rates were similar with HP-hMG and rFSH at 50.6% and 51.5% respectively (difference: -0.8%, 95% CI -8.7%, 7.1%).
Conclusion(s): In high responders, HP-hMG provided comparable efficacy to rFSH with fewer adverse events, including pregnancy loss, suggesting its optimized risk/benefit profile in this population.
Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02554279 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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