During an immune response to microbial infection, CD8 T cells give rise to distinct classes of cellular progeny that coordinately mediate clearance of the pathogen and provide long-lasting protection against reinfection, including a subset of noncirculating tissue-resident memory (T) cells that mediate potent protection within nonlymphoid tissues. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the gene expression patterns of individual CD8 T cells in the spleen and small intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte (siIEL) compartment throughout the course of their differentiation in response to viral infection. These analyses revealed previously unknown transcriptional heterogeneity within the siIEL CD8 T cell population at several stages of differentiation, representing functionally distinct T cell subsets and a subset of T cell precursors within the tissue early in infection. Together, these findings may inform strategies to optimize CD8 T cell responses to protect against microbial infection and cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz6894 | DOI Listing |
Int J Dermatol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), and prurigo nodularis (PN), has led to the development of innovative treatments. In the February issue of the Journal, we provide insight into the global epidemiology and psychosocial impact of psoriasis. We also discuss the role of tissue-resident memory T cells in disease recurrence and evaluate the effectiveness of tildrakizumab in treating difficult areas in psoriasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Understanding the development and maintenance of immunological memory is important for efforts to eliminate parasitic diseases like leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis encompasses a range of pathologies, resulting from infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the subgenera and of the genus A striking feature of these infections is that natural or drug-mediated cure of infection generally confers life-long protection against disease. The generation of protective T cell responses are necessary to control infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransplantation
January 2025
Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Tissue-resident lymphocytes (TRLs) provide a front-line immunological defense mechanism uniquely placed to detect perturbations in tissue homeostasis. The heterogeneous TRL population spans the innate to adaptive immune continuum, with roles during normal physiology in homeostatic maintenance, tissue repair, pathogen detection, and rapid mounting of immune responses. TRLs are especially enriched in the liver, with every TRL subset represented, including liver-resident natural killer cells; tissue-resident memory B cells; conventional tissue-resident memory CD8, CD4, and regulatory T cells; and unconventional gamma-delta, natural killer, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
Background: Influenza remains a significant public health challenge, with vaccination being a substantial way to prevent it. Cell-cultured influenza vaccines have emerged to improve on the drawbacks of egg-based vaccines, but there are few studies focusing on T cell immunity with both types of vaccines. Therefore, we studied the following 2022-2023 seasonal influenza vaccines with a standard dose and high dose: cell-based (C_sd and C_hd) and egg-based (E_sd and E_hd) vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes symptoms similar to a mild cold for adults, but in case of infants, it causes bronchitis and/or pneumonia, and in some cases, mortality. Mucosal immunity within the respiratory tract includes tissue-resident memory T (T) cells and tissue-resident memory B (B) cells, which provides rapid and efficient protection against RSV re-infection. Therefore, vaccine strategies should aim to generate mucosal immune responses.
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