Mineral Materials Coated with and Consisting of MnO-Characteristics and Application of Filter Media for Groundwater Treatment: A Review.

For groundwater treatment, the technologies involving oxidation on MnO filter bed are beneficial, common, and effectively used. The presence of MnO is the mutual feature of filter media, both MnO-coated mineral materials like quartz sand and gravel, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, zeolite, or anthracite along with consisting of MnO manganese ores. This review is based on the analysis of research and review papers, commercial data sheets, and standards. The paper aimed to provide new suggestions and useful information for further investigation of MnO filter media for groundwater treatment. The presented compilations are based on the characteristics of coatings, methods, and conditions of its obtaining and type of filter media. The relationship between the properties of MnO amendments and the obtained purification effects as well as the commonly used commercial products, their features, and applications have been discussed. The paper concludes by mentioning about improving catalytic/adsorption properties of non-reactive siliceous media opposed to ion-exchange minerals and about possible significance of birnessite type manganese oxide for water treatment. Research needs related to the assessment of the use MnO filter media to heavy metals removal from groundwater in field operations and to standardize methodology of testing MnO filter media for water treatment were identified.