Lacertid lizards are a widely radiated group of squamate reptiles with long-term stable ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. Despite their family-wide homology of Z-specific gene content, previous cytogenetic studies revealed significant variability in the size, morphology, and heterochromatin distribution of their W chromosome. However, there is little evidence about the accumulation and distribution of repetitive content on lacertid chromosomes, especially on their W chromosome. In order to expand our knowledge of the evolution of sex chromosome repetitive content, we examined the topology of telomeric and microsatellite motifs that tend to often accumulate on the sex chromosomes of reptiles in the karyotypes of 15 species of lacertids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The topology of the above-mentioned motifs was compared to the pattern of heterochromatin distribution, as revealed by C-banding. Our results show that the topologies of the examined motifs on the W chromosome do not seem to follow a strong phylogenetic signal, indicating independent and species-specific accumulations. In addition, the degeneration of the W chromosome can also affect the Z chromosome and potentially also other parts of the genome. Our study provides solid evidence that the repetitive content of the degenerated sex chromosomes is one of the most evolutionary dynamic parts of the genome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11050531 | DOI Listing |
Cortex
December 2024
Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
The applause sign (AS) is a recognized phenomenon observed in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and other neurological conditions where individuals produce over three claps following a request to clap only thrice after a demonstration. In this study, we introduced a novel linguistic phenomenon termed the oral applause sign (OAS) associated with the AS. The OAS is characterized by increased repetition counts of Japanese repetitive onomatopoeic words, such as uttering "pata-pata-pata" instead of the expected "pata-pata.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Commun Disord
November 2024
Department of English Literature and Linguistics, Bar-Ilan University, Israel; Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Electronic address:
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interactions, social communication, and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding the links between language (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Background: Classical genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which successfully identified over 75 risk loci to date, are limited to the content of the imputation panels that typically do not cover all types of genetic variation, e.g., tandem repeats encompassing >55% of human genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Appl Basic Med Res
November 2024
Director, Simulation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry - Cuddalore Road, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India.
Background: Although the curriculum has changed, assessment tools are not in alignment with the new types of teaching such as early clinical exposure (ECE) and self-directed learning. Both in summative and formative assessment most commonly used tools for assessment of cognitive domain are written formats including MCQ. However, these assessment tools such as MCQ and written essays cannot assess the higher order thinking skills and clinical reasoning skills.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Sci
January 2025
School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown potential in alleviating hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) and improving upper limb function, yet its efficacy remains debated. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of rTMS for HSP through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: Four databases were searched with the keywords "rTMS" and "HSP".
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