Bentonite was modified by introducing humic acid (HA) into interlayer space of bentonite. The structural and physicochemical properties of modified bentonite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that HA could enter the bentonite interlayer and increase the interlayer distance. Moreover, we were also investigated the high adsorption capacity and thermodynamics of modified bentonite to NH cations in solutions. Under the same conditions, the NH adsorption efficiency of modified bentonite (96.4%) was 69.2% higher compared with the natural bentonite (57.0%). The pseudo-second order kinetic model well fit the adsorption kinetics of NH on modified bentonite, indicating that the adsorption type was chemical adsorption or chemisorptions. The isotherms fit well with Langmuir model, and the separation factor revealed that NH on modified bentonite belonged to favorable adsorption. Compared with the natural bentonite, the modified bentonite exhibited a much lower leaching loss of NH-N and NO-N in soil. Meanwhile, the loss of nitrogen caused by NH volatilization and NO emission from soil could also be significantly attenuated by the combined application of modified bentonite and urea. The slower nitrogen release in the treatment combining modified bentonite and urea resulted in a greater yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat. Collectively, the modified bentonite could be used as nitrogen fertilizer synergist to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency.
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