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Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
Line Number: 71
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 8919
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
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Severity: Warning
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Line Number: 260
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Line Number: 260
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Interacts With Autophagy to Offense or Defense. | LitMetric
Autophagy is an important component of the innate immune system in mammals. Low levels of basic autophagy are sustained in normal cells, to help with the clearance of aging organelles and misfolded proteins, thus maintaining their structural and functional stability. However, when cells are faced with challenges, such as starvation or pathogenic infection, their level of autophagy increases significantly. is a facultative intracellular pathogen, which imposes an economic burden on the poultry farming industry and human public health. Previous studies have shown that can induce the autophagy of cells following invasion, which to a certain extent helps to protect the cells from bacterial colonization. This review summarizes the latest research in the field of -induced autophagy, including: (i) the autophagy induction and escape mechanisms employed by during the infection of host cells; (ii) the effect of autophagy on intracellular ; (iii) the important autophagy adaptors that recognize intracellular in host cells; and (iv) the effect of autophagy-modulating drugs on infection.
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