Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most common disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) which is present in 75% of these patients and is usually associated with functional disabilities. According to the literature, there is no general agreement on the effectiveness of the existing treatments for fatigue in patients with MS. As transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a relatively new method in the treatment of fatigue symptoms in patients with MS, the purpose of this study was to systematically review published evidence conducted to assess the effects of tDCS on fatigue in patients with MS.
Material & Methods: A thorough literature search of published articles was conducted from 1996 to 2019 in different databases including PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and web of science with keywords of "tDCS", "multiple Sclerosis" and "Fatigue". Results yielded 1017 studies, which after excluding articles based on duplication and title and abstract, 8 of them were selected for review in this study.
Results: The results from the literature revealed that six studies indicated positive effects of tDCS stimulation on fatigue reduction. In four studies stimulation was over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); in three studies stimulation placed over the whole body's primary somatosensory cortex (S1); and in one study stimulation applied over the posterior parietal cortex. In most studies, no serious side effects were reported.
Conclusion: Most studies revealed that tDCS can reduce the adverse effects of MS-related fatigue in particular cognitive type. As follow-ups were either absent or short period, as well as the application of treatment protocols and measurement instruments were different, it was very difficult to draw strong conclusion on the effects of tDCS in patients with MS. However, further large scale studies with long term follow-up are still recommended.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.106 | DOI Listing |
J Neurol Sci
January 2025
Brigham MS Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address:
Background: Cognitive impairment occurs frequently in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) at some point in the course of the disease. However, not all PwMS develop cognitive difficulties suggesting a role for important moderating factors. We examined baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal change in cognitive performance in PwMS.
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Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In human studies, inflammation has been shown to act as a critical disease modifier, promoting susceptibility to depression and modulating specific endophenotypes of depression. However, there is scant documentation of how inflammatory processes are associated with neural activity in patients with depression.
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Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, 3-3-3 Ariake Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan. Electronic address:
The veterinary profession faces a critical challenge: burnout. Long hours, emotional strain, financial pressures, and difficult client interactions contribute to stress and drive veterinary professionals from the field. This harms not only their well-being but also patient care and workplace morale.
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School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK.
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