In this study, anodic ammonia oxidation and denitrification were performed in single-chamber bioelectrochemical systems at a wide range of anodic potentials (-400 to +400 mV) versus Ag/AgCl. The low coulombic efficiencies (~30.84%) in reactors were mainly due to electrons being transferred to atmospheric oxygen through the electrode and reversal of the electrode. The removal efficiencies of acetate, ammonia, and total nitrogen were 100%, 100%, and 40.44% at +200 mV and 100%, 100%, and 50.24% at -200 mV, respectively. The nitrogen-removal mechanisms were nitrogen respiration/nitrate reduction at +200 mV and denitrification at -200 mV, and ammonia oxidation occurred by coupling with sulfate-reducing at -300 and -400 mV. Thauera, Comamonas, Alicycliphilus, Nitrosomonas, Desulforhabdus, Dethiosulfatibacter, and Desulfomicrobium were the dominant genera at the anode which participated in the nitrification/denitrification or sulfate-reducing processes. In summary, ammonia oxidation and denitrification could be coupled with carbon-removal or sulfur-reduction using a bio-anode with a suitable anodic potential.
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