Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment is a novel technology for wastewater purification and resources recovery but is restricted by low efficiency. This paper applied zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) to enhance its performance. Results showed that 20 mg/L Fe NPs under light-anaerobic condition significantly increased the PSB biomass production and wastewater chemical oxygen demand removal by 122% and 164.3%, and shortened the time required for wastewater purification by 33%; these effects were far more better than the addition of Fe. The mechanism was because the addition of Fe NPs promoted the intracellular ATP content and pigments (carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll) contents, and up-regulated dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity; the increase rate reached 38.7%, 39.6%, 22.0%, 23.9% and 218.2%, respectively.
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